Texas Well Water

Last reviewed October 24, 2026

Overview

Texas spans many aquifers and climates, so well conditions differ dramatically by region. Private wells are the owner’s responsibility to test and maintain.

Hydrogeology & what it means

Texas draws groundwater from major aquifers including the Ogallala, Edwards, Trinity, Gulf Coast and Carrizo-Wilcox. Naturally occurring arsenic is documented in parts of some aquifers, and high total dissolved solids and chloride occur in various areas. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension provides homeowner well guidance.

Documented regional concerns

Naturally occurring arsenic in parts of some aquifers.
Elevated total dissolved solids, chloride or sulfate in certain regions.
Nitrate in agricultural areas.
Bacteria, as with private wells generally.

These are documented possibilities, not a reading of your well

Regional geology tells you what to test for, not what your specific well contains. Only your own lab results can tell you that.

Frequently asked questions

What should Texas well owners test for?

At minimum, bacteria and nitrate annually, plus parameters relevant to your region such as arsenic, total dissolved solids and chloride. Your local county extension office and TCEQ can point you to certified labs and regional concerns.